The Taj Mahal, an architectural wonder and a symbol of eternal love, is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world. Millions of tourists visit India each year to marvel at its grandeur, and the story behind its creation is just as captivating as the monument itself. But have you ever wondered Who Built Taj Mahal and Why? In this blog, we will explore the history, purpose, and the remarkable tale of how the Taj Mahal came into existence, and delve into the fascinating history and story of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Who Built the Taj Mahal and Why

The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. The story behind this magnificent structure begins in the early 17th century, when the emperor was deeply in love with his queen. Mumtaz Mahal, born Arjumand Banu Begum, was his third wife and the love of his life. She was his companion during his military campaigns, his confidante, and his most cherished consort.

The Tragic Death of Mumtaz Mahal

In 1631, during a military campaign in Burhanpur, Mumtaz Mahal tragically passed away while giving birth to their 14th child. Shah Jahan was devastated by the loss of his beloved wife, and the grief-stricken emperor decided to honor her memory in a grand and lasting way. He vowed to build the most magnificent tomb in the world, a symbol of his love and devotion.

It was this deep sorrow and love that led to the construction of the Taj Mahal, a mausoleum that would stand the test of time as a testament to eternal love. But why did Shah Jahan choose such an elaborate and monumental design? The answer lies in the emperor’s desire to create something unlike anything the world had ever seen before. He wanted the Taj Mahal to be the epitome of beauty, grace, and elegance, a monument that would convey the depth of his emotions.

The Architecture of the Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is a stunning example of Mughal architecture, a blend of Persian, Ottoman Turkish, and Indian styles. The structure was designed by a team of architects, engineers, and craftsmen under the guidance of Shah Jahan. The chief architect was Ustad Ahmad Lahauri, who is often credited with designing the Taj Mahal’s iconic marble dome and intricate details. The entire mausoleum is constructed with white marble, which was brought from various parts of India, including Rajasthan, and even from countries like Afghanistan.

The Taj Mahal’s design incorporates symmetrical gardens, reflecting pools, and elegant arches, with the central dome being its most striking feature. The monument is surrounded by lush gardens, with water channels and fountains that reflect the grandeur of the structure. The entire complex, including the mosque and the guest house, was carefully planned and designed to embody the concept of paradise, as described in Islamic texts. This elaborate layout was intended to evoke feelings of peace and serenity, making the Taj Mahal a perfect resting place for Mumtaz Mahal.

The Cost of Building the Taj Mahal

Constructing the Taj Mahal was no small feat, and its cost was astronomical for its time. Estimates suggest that the cost of building the Taj Mahal was around 32 million rupees, a sum equivalent to billions of dollars today. Shah Jahan spared no expense in ensuring that every aspect of the Taj Mahal was perfect. The emperor used precious stones, including jade, crystal, turquoise, and lapis lazuli, to embellish the monument, making it an extraordinary work of art.

To complete the construction of this architectural marvel, Shah Jahan enlisted thousands of skilled artisans, laborers, and craftsmen from across India and Central Asia. The process took around 22 years to finish, with construction beginning in 1632 and the final touches being completed in 1653. It is said that over 20,000 workers were involved in the construction of the Taj Mahal, including masons, carvers, calligraphers, and painters.

The Taj Mahal’s Symbolism

The Taj Mahal’s architecture is rich in symbolism. The monument is often interpreted as a symbol of Shah Jahan’s undying love for Mumtaz Mahal. The intricate carvings, the reflective water pools, and the peaceful gardens are all meant to evoke the beauty and tranquility of paradise. The central dome, which is 35 meters in height, is surrounded by four minarets that lean outward, creating a sense of balance and harmony.

The tomb of Mumtaz Mahal is located in the center of the mausoleum, beneath the large dome. Shah Jahan himself intended to be buried beside her, and his tomb is placed next to hers in the same mausoleum. However, due to political circumstances and his son Aurangzeb’s rebellion, Shah Jahan was imprisoned in the Agra Fort, where he spent the last years of his life. It is said that from his prison cell, he could see the Taj Mahal in the distance, a constant reminder of his love for Mumtaz.

Taj Mahal History: A Monument Through Time

The Taj Mahal’s history is not just about its construction. Over the centuries, the monument has witnessed various events that have shaped its legacy. During the British colonial period, parts of the Taj Mahal were damaged, and some of its precious stones were removed. In the 19th century, Lord Curzon, the British Viceroy of India, undertook major restoration work to repair the damage and preserve the Taj Mahal for future generations.

In the 20th century, the Taj Mahal became a symbol of India’s rich cultural heritage and history. It was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983, ensuring that it would be protected and preserved for future generations to appreciate. Today, the Taj Mahal attracts millions of visitors from around the world, making it one of the most visited tourist destinations in India.

The Taj Mahal Story: Legends and Myths

The story of the Taj Mahal has inspired countless myths and legends. One of the most popular myths is that Shah Jahan intended to build a second Taj Mahal in black marble on the opposite side of the Yamuna River, as a tomb for himself. According to this legend, Shah Jahan’s plan was thwarted when his son Aurangzeb imprisoned him and prevented the construction of the black Taj Mahal. While there is no historical evidence to support this story, it adds to the mystique and allure of the Taj Mahal.

Another popular legend is that Shah Jahan had the hands of the chief architect and other workers amputated after the Taj Mahal’s completion to ensure that they could never create anything as beautiful again. However, this story is widely regarded as a myth, with no concrete historical evidence to support it.

The Taj Mahal Today

Today, the Taj Mahal stands as a symbol of love, beauty, and architectural excellence. It has faced numerous challenges over the years, from pollution and environmental damage to threats of natural disasters, but it has endured. The Indian government and organizations like the Archaeological Survey of India have made significant efforts to preserve and protect the Taj Mahal, ensuring that it remains a timeless monument for generations to come.

In recent years, the Taj Mahal has also faced challenges due to the increasing number of tourists, which has put pressure on the site’s infrastructure. However, initiatives to regulate tourism and raise awareness about conservation are helping to preserve the monument’s beauty and significance.

Conclusion

The Taj Mahal is more than just a stunning piece of architecture. It is a testament to the enduring power of love, a reminder of the lengths one man was willing to go to honor his wife’s memory. The story of who built the Taj Mahal and why is one that continues to captivate the hearts and minds of people around the world. Its history, its story, and its legacy are interwoven into the fabric of Indian culture and heritage.

As you visit this breathtaking monument, whether through The Imperial Tours or your own journey, you are not just witnessing a building—you are experiencing a story that has transcended time and continues to inspire awe and admiration. The Taj Mahal, with its majestic beauty, will forever be a symbol of love, sacrifice, and the extraordinary vision of one emperor who sought to immortalize his love for his queen.